Novel insights into the progression and prognosis of the calpain family members in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive integrated analysis

Objectives: The goal of our bioinformatics study was to comprehensively analyze the association between whole calpain family members and progression prognosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: data were collected from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). landscape gene expression, copy number variation (CNV), mutation, DNA methylation analyzed. Clustering analysis performed stratify calpain-related groups. least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO)-based Cox model used select hub survival genes. Results: We found 14 out 16 expressed differently tumor normal tissues HCC. clustering analyses revealed high- low-risk groups which had prognostic difference. high-risk group higher B cell infiltration expression immune checkpoint genes HAVCR2, PDCD1, TIGHT. CMap that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors LY-294002 wortmannin might have a therapeutic effect on group. DEGs identified. Subsequent univariate each DEG LASSO-based obtained signature. risk score this signature showed good ability predict overall HCC patients in TCGA datasets external validation Gene Expression Omnibus database International Consortium database. Conclusion: associated with progression, prognosis, drug response Our results require further studies confirm.